Title devised, in English, by Library staff. Milan, Italy : Poligrafia Italiana, 1909. Several of the Futurists, notably Boccioni and Sant'Elia, were killed during World War I. Prominent Futurists included painter and sculptor Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916) painters Carlo Carrà (1881-1966), Giacomo Balla (1871-1958), and Gino Severini (1883-1966) painter and composer Luigi Russolo (1885-1947) and architect Antonio Sant'Elia (1888-1916). Marinetti's original manifesto was followed by Futurist manifestoes on sculpture, painting, literature, architecture, and other fields written by other members of the movement.
Marinetti also founded and edited a journal, Poesia (Poetry). The Futurists glorified violence and conflict and called for the destruction of cultural institutions such as museums and libraries. The original Futurist manifesto of 1909, written by Marinetti, exalted the beauty of the machine and the new technology of the automobile, with its speed, power, and movement. The goal of the Futurists was to discard the art of the past and to usher in a new age that rejected tradition and celebrated change, originality, and innovation in culture and society. Futurism was a short-lived artistic movement, founded in 1909 by the Italian writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876-1944). Presented here is an Italian reprint of 1909, from a collection of Futurist documents held by the University Library of Padua. One of the hallmarks of Surrealism since its inception as an organized movement has been the effort to think knowledge, imagination, and politics together rather than allowing them to remain as the separated spheres they are in intellectual, creative, and political activities today.Fondazione e manifesto del futurismo (Futurist constitution and manifesto) is the founding manifesto of the Futurist movement, first published in the Paris newspaper Le Figaro on February 20, 1909. Collective surrealist activities have always been undertaken by specific local groups, which have also coordinated international activities from time to time, often by means of exhibitions, collective tracts, and periodicals. Surrealists engaged intensively and critically with the art, literature, and ideology of their day in the first three decades of the movement's existence, in an explicit challenge to them.
This chapter focuses on what has been achieved together rather than individually, since the collective nature of surrealist activity has been one of its defining features. Individual surrealist artists and writers produced and continue to produce significant books, essays, poems, prose narratives, music, films, objects, and artworks.
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